.net qr code generator open source

.net qr code library open source

asp.net qr code generator

generate qr code asp.net mvc

asp net qr code generator free

qr code generator vb.net source,
vb.net qr code generator,
qr code generator vb.net free,
.net qr code,
.net qr code library,
qr code generator vb.net 2010,
qr code generator vb.net 2010,
qrcode.net example,
vb.net qr code open source,
.net qr code generator api,
dot net qr code library,
qr code c#.net generator sdk,
qr code generator vb.net 2010,
free qr code generator in vb.net,
qrcode.net example c#,
generate qr code asp.net mvc,
qr code generator vb net open source,
.net qr code library free,
net qr code open source,
qr code generator vb net,
.net qr code library free,
qr code generator vb net open source,
qr code generator using vb.net,
qr code generator vb.net codeproject,
qr code generator vb.net free,
asp.net mvc qr code generator,
qr code generator vb.net codeproject,
c# net qr code generator,
free qr code library vb.net,

The motor area of the cerebral cortex is de ned physiologically as the region of electrically excitable cortex from which isolated movements can be evoked by stimuli of minimal intensity (Fig 3-3) The muscle groups of the contralateral face, arm, trunk, and leg are represented in the primary motor cortex (area 4), those of the face being in the most inferior part of the precentral gyrus on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere and those of the leg in the paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere The parts of the body capable of the most delicate movements have, in general, the largest cortical representation, as displayed in the motor homunculus diagram shown in Fig 3-4 Area 6, the premotor area, is also electrically excitable but requires more intense stimuli than area 4 to evoke movements Stimulation of its caudal aspect (area 6aa) produces responses that are similar to those elicited from area 4 These responses are probably effected by transmission of impulses from area 6a to area 4 (since they cannot be obtained after ablation of area 4) Stimulation of the rostral premotor area (area 6ab) elicits more general movement patterns, predominantly of proximal limb musculature The latter movements are effected via pathways other than those derived from area 4 (hence, extrapyramidal ) Very strong stimuli elicit movements from a wide area of premotor frontal and parietal cortex, and the same movements may be obtained from several widely

of importance in clinical work, especially in relation to certain stroke syndromes As the descending axons subserving limb and facial movements emerge from the cortical motor strip, they maintain the anatomic speci city of the overlying cortex; therefore a discrete cortical-subcortical lesion will result in a restricted weakness of the hand and arm or the foot and leg More caudally, the descending motor bers converge and are collected in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, so that even a small lesion there may cause a pure motor hemiplegia, in which the face, arm, hand, leg and foot are affected to more or less the same degree (page 682) The axons subserving facial movement are situated rostrally in the posterior limb of the capsule, those for hand and arm in the central portion, and those for the foot and leg caudally (see Brodal) This topographic distribution is more or less maintained in the cerebral peduncle, where the corticospinal bers occupy approximately the middle of the peduncle, the bers destined to innervate the facial nuclei lying most medially More caudally, in the basis pontis (base, or ventral part of the pons), the descending motor tracts separate into bundles that are interspersed with masses of pontocerebellar neurons and their cerebellopetal bers A degree of somatotopic organization can be recognized here as well, exempli ed by selective weakness of the face and hand with dysarthria, or of the leg, which may occur with pontine lacunar infarctions Anatomic studies in nonhuman primates indicate that arm-leg

Figure 22-7 Photograph of the lateral surface of the human brain (Reproduced by permission from Carpenter MB, Sutin J: Human Neuroanatomy, 8th ed Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1982)

.

.

direct corticospinal tract and other indirect tracts that descend from the motor, premotor, supplementary motor, and anterior parietal cortex to the spinal cord, either directly or via the red and reticular nuclei in the brainstem Lesions of the more anterior and medial parts of the motor cortex (area 6 and supplementary motor area 8 the premotor cortex) result in less paralysis and more spasticity as well as a release of sucking, groping, and grasping re exes, the mechanisms for which probably reside in the parietal lobe and which, according to Denny-Brown, are tropisms or automatisms that are normally inhibited by the frontal cortex Ablation of the right or left supplementary motor areas was found by Laplane and colleagues to cause mutism, contralateral motor neglect, and impairment of bibrachial coordination On the basis of blood ow studies, Roland and colleagues and Fuster have suggested that an important function of the supplementary motor area is the ordering of motor tasks or the recall of memorized motor sequences further evidence of the executive functions of the frontal lobes Some insight into motor organization in supplementary motor cortex is given by seizures originating there; they give rise to curious postures such as a fencing position or ailing of the opposite arm Temporary paralysis of contralateral eye turning and sometimes head turning follows a destructive lesion in area 8, on the dorsolateral aspect (convexity) of the cerebral cortex, often referred to as the frontal eye eld (see Fig 22-1) Seizure activity in this area causes a tonic deviation of the head and eyes to the opposite side Destruction of Broca s convolution (areas 44 and 45) and the adjacent insular and motor cortex of the dominant hemisphere result in a reduction or loss of motor speech, and of agraphia, and apraxia of the face, lips, and tongue as described in Chap 23 When the lesions of the motor parts of the frontal lobe are bilateral, there is a quadriplegia or quadriparesis in which the weak-.

.